SOCIAL PROTECTION in ASIA (SPA) PROGRAMME ANNUAL CONFERENCE - Hanoi, Vietnam, 01—05 June 2009

SOCIAL PROTECTION in ASIA (SPA) PROGRAMME ANNUAL CONFERENCE

Hanoi – Vietnam, 01—05 June 2009

Introduction

The conference is the mid-term conference for the SPA programme research, the advocacy and network building programme, funded by the Ford Foundation and IDRC. The research partner is led by the Institute of Development Studies (IDS) United Kingdom and The Institute for Human Developmen (IHD) New Delhi – India, and 13 institutions across Asia, including the Institute for Social Development Studies (ISDS) in Hanoi – Vietnam which is the local host institution.

The conference started with an opening an reception on the evening of 1st June followed by the a one day event on 2nd June with policy makers from region. The following 2 days, 3rd—4th June, focused on presentations and discussion of the research being undertaken within the SPA Programme. The final day, 5th June, involved field visit to development programme around Hanoi (1. Van Cang Friendly Village for war victims of agent orange; 2. Social Protection Center for orphanage, homeless people, and begger; 3. Initiative Job for Youth, center that provide career opportunities for youth).

The overall aims of the conference are to review the progress of the ongoing research, to establish links with policy makers in the region, to provide plaform for thematic discussions on key issues of the Social Protection in Asia and to strengthen the SPA network. The participants are 60 persons, primarily from Asian countries, they are the representative of the SPA research projects, advisory board members, academics, and policy makers.

The venue is the Fortuna Hotel – Hanoi, the SPA Programme covered the expenses for economy class return flight to Hanoi, transport to and from airport to the Fortuna Hotel, accomodation, and all meals during the conference days.

The Social Protection in Asia Programme Conference

The SPA Programme involves research, networking, and advocacy to create a research an policy network on Social Protection In the Asian Region. The SPA conference were to review the progress of the ongoing research, provide feedback to the researchers to sharpen their research questions and also to establish lingkage between with teh policy process.

The conference were to act as the platform to establish the linkage between research and policy makers and donors. Some policy makers, civil servants or those who are closely involved in the official policy making process, institutes, commissions inveted and involve to the conference.

The objectives of the conference are:

· Review the progress of the research projects and provide feedback to the research partners.

· Share initial results with the network members and other interested stakeholders including governments, donors and civil society representatives.

· Critical engagement and thematic discussions on key issues of SP with policy makers and researchers.

· Engage with policy makers and identify scope for policy advocacy based on research findings.

· Identify ways to establish the linkage between policy and research for informed policy on SP.

· Strengthen the SPA Network.

Conference Themes

SPA has identified the following thematic areas as critical to understanding of SP:

· Social Protection an migration.

· Social Protection of the aged.

· Social Protection and health.

· Shelter security and land as Social Protection (focus on urban slum).

· Social Protection and work and employment.

· Identifying pathways for graduation and intra household dynamics in Social Protection Programmes.

· Social Protection during disaster.

The conference aims to review progress made by research partners in these thematic areas and also to identify broader contours of Social Protection policies in different countries, in order to engage in discussions with policy makers. The specific research findings, the analysis would be situated within overall context of Social Protection regimes of the respective countries, also identifying broad overall commonalities in issues and approaches.

Structure of the Conference

There are two distint, yet-inter-connected parst to the conference.

1. One-day meet on the research-policy interface.

2. Two-day conference on SPA research themes.

3. Field visit to the development programmes.

The one-day policy meer covered the country perspectives, evolution and experiences on Social Protection policies by policy makers or academicians involved in policy making followed by discussions on how the policies fared and what the role of research innforming policies related to Social Protection could be. In the interactive session, policy makers would provide insights into, what worked and what did not, and what kind of research and findings would enable the formulate appropiate policies.

The later two days devoted to sharing the intial findings research partners on their respective thematic area of Social Protection. The presentations was critiqued by the experts and advisors and feedback would be provided to the research teams on methodology, analysis and findings. The opportunity for policy makers to understand the research components and provide their feedback.

The last day devoted for visiting some of the development programmes in the city.

Lesson Learned

1. Invited and participated on the international conference.

2. Fruitful experience when presented an idea, critiqued and discussed with experties and researchers from many countries.

3. Upgrading the knowledge about the social protection from arround the Asia.

4. Networking and linkage with researchers and academicians, especially from social proection field, from arround Asia.

5. Knowing about the development programmes and social protection implementation in the Vietnam and another countries arround the Asia.

6. Become the inner circle of the social protection researcher and development studies expert, especially for Asia Programme.

7. The knowledge how to handle and held an international conference.

APPENDIX

THE PRESENTATIONS OF THE CONFERENCE

SOCIAL PROTECTION IN ASIA CONFERENCE AND RESEARCH WORKSHOP

FORTUNA HOTEL, HANOI – VIETNAM, 01st—5th June 2009

Pioneering Research and Knowledge Partnerships to Promote Public Action for Livelihood Security in Changging World

Day 1, 01st June 2009

I. Introductory

1. Dr. Sarah Cook (Director of Social Protection in Asia Programme – Institute of Development Studies, United Kingdom)

A policy research and network building programme.

To designed social protection intervension, the objective:

· Overcome barriers to the extension Social Protection,

· Identify and promote innovative forms of Social Protection,

· Build in Asia-wide Network.

The research theme:

· Mobility and migration.

· Informality, work, employment and Social Protection.

Further information: newsletter@socialprotectionasia.org

2. Prof. Alakh Sharma (Director of India Human Development – New Delhi, India)

Research project as the basis of advocacy and capacity building to change the Social Protection policy.

3. David Mulse (Ford Foundation)

Social Protection is the core value of FF, so the FF funding the Social Protection Programme.

Ford Foundation Hanoi Office (Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia) will move to Jakarta – Indonesia.

4. Dr. Evan Due (IDRC Singapore)

Support the research, especially the applied research and not the academic research, to influence the stake holders and policy maker by the dissemination of the research findings.

II. Social Protection in Vietnam

1. Nguyen Trong Dam (Vietnam Vice Minister of Ministry of Labour, War Invalids and Social Affair)

Social Protection is the economic and social aspect for marginalized people.

The NGO, Researcher, government must be working together.

Social Protection is the national system called as social insurance plus capacity building to the empower people. Self reliance is the national target and part of sustainable development program, inline with international program (Millenum Development Goals).

2. Tran Dac Loi (Vice President of Vietnam Union of Friendship Organizations)

Social Protection. Changing the paradigm of development become non profit oriented based anymore. Life of the human being is not drive by the market or profit.

Natural resources is for everybody not only keep and manage by a small group of investor. The present system, liberal market system is wrong.

Vietnam system is social equality, everybody can access to the resources. Social equality make the high productivity and Vietnam become the dynamic growing country in social and economic.

Human resources (capacity building) à Economic resources à sustainable development

· Basic education * Land reform * Infra structure

· Skill training * Income distribution * Higher education

· Social protection * Capacity building * Economic policy based

· Housing and healt insurance * Loans without interest on society

III. Global Economic Crisis

1. Dr. Valerie Kozel (World Bank – Vietnam Office)

Social Protection, helping men and women to get livelihood security.

Crisis in Asia make:

· Informalization and marginalization of workers.

· Migrant workers (domesticly and internasionally).

· Gender differentiated impacts (women workers fired).

Managing the crisis:

· Return to rural areas and develop the agriculture sector.

· Social network and solidarity (reduced pay and working hours).

· Social protection system (improve quality of labour, occupational mobility, and social insurance and social security system).

2. Dr. Leonardo Gasparini (CEDLAS – Universidad Nacional de La Plata – Argentina)

Teh impact of Global Crisis in Latin America are increase the poverty and decrease the economic growth. But the social security net system is good, especially for informal workers and do not have.

Example:

· Conditional cash transfer.

· Provide income support to households.

· Promote human capital accumulation (educational and health).

Policy discussion:

· Protect most vulnerable.

· No Compromise with macro economics and fiscal position.

See: cedlas.org

3. Dr. Boitshepong Giyose (Food and Nutrition Security Advisor – New Partnership for Africa Development – South Africa)

There are 53 countries in Africa, with vary of cultuure, traditions, etc.

Social protection is different issues for each country, most of them have poor social protection system. Debate among investment and creation.

NEPAD goals and objective is women empowerment.

Conditions:

1. Zimbwabwe (poor conditions)

· Health system collapse.

· No commodities and poor food security.

· School drop out.

· Government structure and socio-economics system collapes

2. Botswana (good condition)

· Good governance and economic growth with the foreign fund.

3. South Africa (mixed effect)

· Social Protection still exist but cut the amount.

· High prices for fuel and food.

· Lost the indigeneous insurance scheme.

See: nepad.org and africa-union.org

Notes from discussions:

Social Protection:

1. Independencies versus charity?

2. No global model (panacea) but according to the conditions of each country.

3. Community based versus universal perspective?

Government role in Social Protection now a day:

Impelemented the SP (like Conditional Cash Transfer) as the program or policy not as the holistic way to reduce the poverty.

The NGO, Academes, and other social organization must be monitor and evaluate the SP Program: whre the money go? Who receive the money? What for?

Conclusions:

· Social Protection is depend on the national or country perspective, different system and implementation (very conditionally and based on the local context).

· Depend on the economic and social policy regim.

· Where politic locate? Human rights or another?

Day 2, 2nd June 2009

I. Extending Social Protection in Asia: Rights, Citizenship and Development

1. Economic Crisis and Informalization (Prof. Aswani Saith – ISS-The Haque)

Propotion:

1) Social Protection is the one dimension of development.

2) Social Protection in the universal context, rights for everybody.

3) Not use poverty line or quantitative measurement as the benchmark but use the qualitative measurement.

The poor not only by one income but the community perspective. Can they fullfil their basic need?

The aspect:

1) Agenda for disability.

Bascic need (spesific need) aspect and wider need (universal need) aspect.

Not only under or above the poverty line. Example: education need not only for the under poverty line but for all people.

2) Wide dimension of Social Protection.

Social Protection is for every body, especially for the poor.

3) Beyond the sosio-economic need.

Not only about growth and development.

4) The governement’s goodwill for the people.

Universalization of social protection movement.

2. Social Policy and Economic Development in Late Industrializers (Prof. Huck-Ju Kwon –

Graudate School of Public Administration – University of Seoul – South Korea)

Background

1. Rethinking social policy in development context. Social protection and social justice, social policy in the economic development context.

2. Social protection versus economic efficiency. Social investment as the solutions (Lisbon Strategy 2000).

3. Social policy depend on the social regimes. Social inclusive versus economic development.

Developmental Welfarism

Integrate social policy in the broad context of economic and social development.

1. Selective form, productivism and authoritarian political background.

2. Inclusive form productivism and democratical political background.

Example: East Asia and Latin America (Selective form), Nordic Country (inclusive form), development country : early adoption on social policy.

The Developmental State and Social Solidarity

· Educational and health insurance.

· Export oriented than import oriented.

· Standing on open social structure.

· Vested interest (Land reform, distrubuting the small assets to the citizen).

· High social mobility (public education).

· State bureaucrats and professionals attention.

Conclusions

· The state needs to play strategic role in the development context.

- Facilitate economic and social development.

- To provide social protection.

· Social solidarity

- Broad participation to social change.

· Globalization would not render social policy less significant

Notes from discussion:

1. Authoratian and democratic regimes do excluded somebody.

2. Social protection on the attention of regimes, not depend on democratic or authoratian.

3. Social protection for who? Rich or poor? Or both?

- United state have problem with the poor.

- India have problem with the rich.

Social protection is for every body, but for the poor we pay attention more because they need it more. Example, education and health are for everybody (the basic need).

4. The social protection target is everybody but the top priority is the very poor and poor people.

- Social movement can be do the local group and the government support them with the act (Thailand experiences).

- Give the social protection to every bory, the poor first for the basic need but also for the middle class for special need.

5. Targeting for social protection is important according to the condition of the reciever.

- Fullfill the human defisit is the target.

- Do the social investment for the better life.

III. Social Protection in South Asia: Progress and Barriers Extension

1. Bangladesh Experiences (Dr. Muhammad G. Sarwar – Joint Chief Planning Commission)

Social Protection = Social Security Net

The Challenge:

- Reducing poverty.

- Attaining food security etc.

Social Protection is a constitual obligation of the state. The right to reasonable rest, recreation, and leisure. NGO as the partner of geovernment like Grameen Bank.

Social Protection Programme for all citizen:

- Social safet net.

- Disasarter management program.

- Food and health security.

- Education.

For the chronic poor:

- Cash transfer program.

- Micro finance.

- Block grand allocation for disaster management.

Note: Fragmanted and based on the condition and not integrated, just coping the present problem..

Limitations:

- Not all poor have access.

- In appropiate targetting (ineligible persons).

- Leakage: more prevalent in-kind than in cash transfer.

Barriers:

- Negative elite perception about social protection.

- Limited capacity of state institutions to generate required resources and to administer.

2. India Experiences (Prof. Mahendra Dev – Chairman of Commission for Agriculture Costs and Prices of India)

Economig growth so the poverty will decrease, but the social performance has not been satisfactory.

Social protection and employment creation are the national development program.

Risk and Coping Mechanism:

- Health risk and child labour increase, Social Protection deals with social risk, secure income, and food security.

- Protection and promotional programme:

1) Self employment programme.

2) SHG – Bank linkage, increase income and allocation for food, health and education. Empowerment and reducing poverty.

3) Wage employment programme to reduce unemployment and incurances mechanism.

4) National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA):

o Unemployment allowance.

o Works permitted.

o Implemented by governement and NGO, social audit and monitoring for 0,5% of GDP and 10% of state expenditure plan.

Problem and challenge:

· Awareness problem among the workers.

· Lack of professionals.

Conclusions:

· Most evaluations official and non official.

· Lackages have been reduceed.

· Significant raise in agricultural wages:

o India controlled the food price.

o Providing price support to farmers.

o Removal lf classroom hunger.

· Formal and informal workers social protection

National commission for unorganized/informal sector:

o Minimum social security.

o Skill formation.

o Special program for marginal and small producers.

o Strengthening the grass root capability and ability.

Notes from Discussion:

1. Minimum social security provisions is unique.

2. Decentralized geovernment for better implementation.

3. Capacity building.

4. NGO’s and civil society participation.

5. Face and reduce the feudal system.

6. CCT’s would be less usefull.

IV. Social Protection in South East Asia: Informalization

1. Indonesia Experiences (Dr. Satish Mishra – Managing Director of Strategic Asia)

Conlict of interest among the politicians. Claim each other as their program and success.

Decentralization make the implementation of social protection hard. Conflict of interest among the state and provinces.

Policy making mechanism in conflict among the department.

Foreign investor mostly in geothermal based and natural resources based.

2. Social Welfare in Vietnam (Ms. Nguyen Thi Lan – Vice Director of Department of Social Protection – MOLISA Vietnam)

The household poor 13,47% (2008)

Policy:

· Hunger eradiation and poverty reduction (since (1998).

o Rapid and sustainable poverty reduction.

o Monthly social allowance.

o Disadvantage go to governement or non government homestay.

o Health insurance.

· Resolutions to stimulate the nation economy (since 2008)

o Allocate the funding and another resources to reducing the poverty.

Poverty 50% in 1998 and than 13,5% in 2008.

Lesson learned:

- Economic development increase so social protection increase and become the equal society.

- Allocation of funding resources from government.

- Encourage civil society to contribute.

- Partnership with internaational donors.

- User friendly social protection policies and programs.

- Changing famlily and social structure.

Dynamics program of Social Protection:

- Increase information and awareness.

- Increase allocation funding from government and donors.

- Incorporate and develop modern approach.

- Conduct regular survey and in depth studies.

3. Social and Economic Protection in Korea: Evolution of Welfare State in Korea (Prof. Huck Ju Kwon)

1. Sosial insurance programme for all citizen.

- Pension programme and health insurance.

2. Social assistance programme.

- Minimum living standard guarantee.

3. Public pension programme for public and state employ.

Korea success for rapid economic development and welfare developmentalism. Welfare less than economic efficiency, economic usefull is everything.

- Discourage dependency on the state.

- Promoting private resources welfare.

- State is the regulator.

Social bases in Korea:

1. Land reform

2. Human resource development

- Social mobility.

- Equality and open society.

3. Inclusive Social Protection, even more often failed because of political lack.

Rescalling developmental welfare state:

- Enhanced universal coverage.

- Think overall structure of welfare state.

- Cash benefits versus social benefit.

Lowest fertility rate in the world (1,13)

- Expanding childcare services.

- Longterm care insurance.

- Responses to flexible labour market via social enterprises.

4. Thailand Experiences (Mr. Ruxsax Chotchaisathit – Inspector General of Social Security Office of Thailand)

Social Protection in Thailand covered 47million from 66million citizen.

The programme are:

- Universal healt insurance.

- Old age allowance

- Informal sector à increase benefit and accelerate government to contribute.

Social safety net as the social protection

Multinational Corporation		People in society cannot afford into modern world
- Labour law - Social security law		ICT, Biotech, material tech, nano tech
Increase informal workers		Molecular economic

- Social security scheme.

- Micro social security.

- Modern social security.

- Social assistance program.

Notes from discussion:

1. Decentralization is successfull program for social transformation in some countries but not work for others, like Indonesia.

2. Land reform as the social policy program is success in Korea, Japan, and Taiwan but what about in another countries?

3. In South East Asia, informal workers increase and now aday become 75% of total workers, Social Protection only support the formal workers not informal workers. So, informal excluded from the Social Protection.

4. Social protection included at social development programme.

5. Economic and social development in the best way for ASEAN countries. Influence by the political economy.

6. Flexible labour market, make the workers in the risky positions.

Job or work security must be part of the Social Protection, for formal and informal worker.

7. Indonesia conditions: concentrated in Jakarta and Java, make the decision making for national approach is difficult.

Conditional cash transfer (Program Keluarga Harapan or PKH) not cure the crisis and not for Social Protection but for the short term reaction to cope the sosioeconomic problems.

Social protection in Indonesia is the Social Development Program with long term approach.

Social Protection is the social investment for social transformation.

Notes:

Indonesia have 33 municipal or provinces and 390 districts (cities and residence), they have authonomy to run the National Social Protection. So the social protection implementation various one another.

V. Thinking Through the Regional Agenda for Social Protection

1. Dr. K.P. Kannan (CDS – Trivandrum)

Social Protection = social security.

1) Contigencies protection à social detection.

2) Many methods and many schemes. Implementation according to the conditions of the country.

3) Basic minimum social security.

4) Priority in the national budget.

5) Creating public employment program.

2. Mr. Sandeep Chachra (Action Aid)

Social Protection promote social bases for social development.

1) Consolidation of the social forces.

2) Political instrument and agencies.

3) Linkage of political instrument with social movement.

3. Mr. Joge Carillo (United nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia-Pacific – UNESCAP)

Social Protection and Social Justice.

Barriers: inequalities, social exclusion, and vulnerable risk.

Need:

- Citizenship.

- Legal empowerment.

- Access to justice.

- Rights based appoarch.

- Rule of law.

Advocacy for social policy and the implementations.

4. Dr. Melissa Andrade (International Poverty Center)

Social safety net for each country.

1. Not only for spesific program but integrated program.

2. The program according to the national context.

3. Cas transfer (BLT) and conditional cash transfer not the panacea for all countries.

4. Different program for the different target group.

5. Economic bases develoment reform.

6. Research network to promote and sharing information.

7. Build the dialogue mechanism with the policy maker.

Notes from discussion:

1) State policies, beyond the government regimes program.

2) Transfer of information and experiences among the countries with their successfull programme.

3) Social protection = social justice = social empowerment.

4) Global social floor, ILO minimum standard for wages. How much the minimum standard for each country?

5) Working eith claim holders of excluded group.

6) Working with the grassroot movement.

7) Cash transfer is loan from World Bank to the some government, so tehy must pay back. Why did included to the Social Protection Programme?

8) Mak social policies menchanism implemented in all arround the world.

9) Learn among the countries experience and accross the region. Prototype and model of Social Protection.

10) Accross boreder learning and sharing the success and unsuccess program to make a better Social Protection approach.

11) Policy action for a trigger social implementation in every country.

12) Sharing the best practices.

13) Redifinition of what is the Social Protection and what the instrument.

14) Build a concensus among the Social Protection activist to make the Social Protection implemented all arround the world.

15) Integrated program that the Social Protection and social policy implementation.

16) Make the non market mechanism of Social Protection accepted.

17) Understanding political and technical barriers to implementation of Social Protection.

18) Working for the marginalized people or community.

19) Social Protection is the human development and social investment.

20) The corruption issue in every contry.

21) Social Protection is the holistic approach, beyond the economic and social growth.

22) Satae terrorism and state violence in some countries.

23) Social Protection in the global perspective.

Closing and Conclusions (Mr. C. Upendranad – SPA Coordinator)

Global panel, sharing the experiences and best practices od Social Protection implementations and implications.

Political and agencies barriers but the most important is the human resources barriers for implementation the Social Protection.

Day 3, 3rd June 2009

Social Propection Annual Research Workshop

Introduction (Dr. Sarah Cook – Director of Social Protection in Asia)

Agenda:

1) Working Plan

2) Publication

a. SPA Book (July 2010).

b. UNESCAP Book (December 2009).

3) SPA Working Paper, annual report at July 2009, 5.000 word per paper of research result.

4) Collecting volume for the next year.

1. Migration and Social Protection in China and Vietnam

Chairman: Prof. Amitabh Kundu (Jawharlal Nehru University – India)

Population increase à seeking work increase à migrant workers increase.

1) Dr. Le Bach Duong (Institute fro Social Development Studies – Hanoi-Vietnam)

Social Protection for rural-urban migrants in an era of increasing population mobility and socio-economic transformation in Vietnam

Unprecedented population mobility à Social Protection for migrants.

Learn form China experiences à legal framework Social Protection for migrant and non migrant vulnerable.

Equal economic, social, and political rights for all (the Vietnam Constitution):

· Governement create the barriers among rural and urban migrants. Divided to 4 categories.

· Households registration to access rights and law. Not registered has no access.

Example: for employment

- Loans promotion.

- Education and financial support.

- Health care insurance.

Migrant workers must pay much higher prices for electricity, pipe water, etc.

Migrant workers mostly work in the informal sector.

Face the difficulties to access core services and higher cost.

2) Dr. Yu Zhu (Center for Population and Development Research – Fujian University – China)

Social Protection for rural urban migrants workers in China

China socio economic development increase, make workers mobility à rural completely exclueded from the system.

Social welfare household system, dividing the population agricultural and non agricultural sector.

Disadvantage for migrant wokers, non agri cultural population unstable job and low income.

China governement set up new policies but the problem is the understanding of rural-urban migrant Social Protection.

Social Protection for rural-urban migrant.

- Employment and income

o Dangerous, dirty, and demanding

o Low income

o High risk to be unemployment

o Trade union encourage

o Timely payment of wages and minimum wages

o Employment contract

- Social insurance

o Low social insurance coverage for rural-urban migrant

o Poor unemployment insurance coverage

o Development of new rural urban mingrant cooperative

- Housing

o Constructution for migrant workers by the ministry of construction

o Safety standards of migrant accomodation

o Urban housing security system

- Children education

o Not enough schooling places in the publilc school

o Some school for migrant workers but they are poorly funded and teaching is the dubious quality

o Local government at the migrant destination and their home towns take responsibility to providing and funding the schoool.

o Government needs to take a grater share of responsibility of Social Protectiona and the implementation.

3) Dr. Daven Wang (Chinese Academy for Social Sciences Institute of Population and Labor Economics)

Next step:

- Housing problems

- Employment and wage

- Health and health care

- Education of migrant children

- Social insurance and welfare

Notes:

Economic transition from planning economy to market oriented economy

- Speed up institutional reform

- Create a friendly urban environment

- Employment promotion and labour contract law

- Integrate rural and urban development and labour market.

4) Dr. Miguel A. Salazar (Beijing Normal University)

1) The changing of economic system from planning economy to market oriented economy, the impact is the massive urbanization (mobility). Urban/migrant workers increase and rural workers decrease.

The new problem arise, Social Protection for migrant workers and rural workers are specific and different on to another.

2) Variation of the local (provincial and city) policies, must be assemble become the universal policy.

Notes from discussion:

· Houesholds system is very controlling system, set up another system less controlling system.

· Data is the pictures from something we want to know and research is the adding value from something we already know.

· Macro framework for the implementation of the research network to influence the Social Protection policy.

· Creating the Social Protection policy that cover the mobility of population.

· The political system is different one from another region, so the Social Protection will be different. Need to set up the universal Social Protection system.

· Migrant is not homogeneous group so the Social Protection policy can not be specific for one group only but general for the all group and even universal to cope the rural-urban workers and all the citizen.

· Migration still treat as the problem or negative image. Poverty, conflict, or war issue in their hometown and create new problem (housing, health care, education, etc) in their new town.

· Push the governement to make the Social Protection policy to protect the migrant at their new town and rural workers at their hometown. Actually Social Protection policy is implemented for all citizen as the responsibility of the country to fulfill the citizen rights and the human rights as the human being.

2. Livelihoods, Employment and Social Protection

Chairman: Dr. Valerie Kozel (World Bank in Vietnam)

1) Mr. C. Upendranadh (Institute of Human Development – India)

Instituational and Governance Challenges in Social Protection: The to Work Programme in India

Regional variations in the level of implementation and outcomes a cross the in state of labour wages.

Capacity of the implementation apparatus and social society participation is the key engines for success:

- Lack of knowledge

- Lack of guidelines

- Institutational capacity missing

- Quality of implementation

- Distribution of benefits

- Transparency safeguards (wahe calculation)

- Convergence with othe programmes

Method: Process dimensions

Qualitative and quantitative dimensions to implementation the process.

Initials observation use FGD.

Issues:

- Delays in payment

- Uniform payment to all groups

- Field work and households is far away

- Demand management is a problem

- Reduction in migration

- Rural wages increased

Field of work are land development, forestry, road connectivity, water conservation etc.

Massive working for infrastructure project in the village, open opportunity to control the migration.

Summary:

- Positive impact

- Defisite in work site facilities, low wages, lack of staff knowledge, and institutional.

2) Prof. D.N. Reddy (Institute of Human Development – India)

NREGA as the Social Protection, working minimum employment of the household.

Better than cash transfer, because have capacity building aspect.

The missing ascpect:

· Lack of the implementation

- Land reform without proper facilities and infrastructgure.

- Without professional assistance and skill training.

· No transfer of knowledge from governement to local (village) leader

3) Ms. Ratna Sudharshan (ISST – New Delhi India)

Examining NREGA: Women Participation and Impacts

State with high poverty levels and high participation

Wages earned: minimum wages but above the market rate for women but under the market rate for men, limited male participation.

State program to eradicity the poverty, based on National Working Guarantee Acts.

Give the educated women working opprotunity even for the minimum work, payment into bank account and takes time to hence daily housholds needs.

For agricultural sector, depend to the traditional calender planting, forcing upward revision of wages.

Limitations:

- Limited to young women with young child

- Low participation to the local people who have ownland

- Migrant population seeking for the higher wages.

Impacts:

- Wider impact on market wages

- Intra household allocation responsibilities

- Absord the women supply labour

- Strong developmental state

Advocacy:

Strong role civil society groups and NGO’s for better implementation and higher awarenesss.

4) Ms. Boonsoom Namsomboon (Foundation for Labour and Employment Promotion)

Genders Perspective in NREGA Project in India

Gender discrimination base on the culture, only number of women not prove on gender equality.

5) Dr. Sujata Prosad (Institute for Governement Accounts and Finance – Ministry of Finance India)

NREGA: Guarantee working opportunity, increase the women participation, health security, education, capacity building, and participatory planning. Also increase the domestic violence and drop out the girl student to take care their brother or sistes.

Notes from discussion:

· Impact to province and state accumulately.

· East Asia facing the migrant workers and the big number of people to serve.

· South Asia decrease the migrant workers, improve the women participation, civil society participation, but facing the the quality of serve and government resources.

· NREGA programme increase the wages market.

· Women participation increase but chilcare decrease, new household problem.

· Flexibility or some institutional structure among the provinces.

· What about the programme stop? Longterm perspective aspect especially the impact of the capacity building.

· NREGA is the universal programme to cope the working opportunity (even for the minimum wage).

· The NREGA programme differented according to the local context.

· Productivity of the state increase.

3. Social Protection for Aged

1) Prof Xiamoei Pei (Tsinghua University – China)

The Role of the Community in Rural China

Instituional building for Social Protection in transitional societies:

- Potential between the individual and state.

- Finance beyond employment-based programs.

- Process right optaining.

- Dependency at the aged in the modern society.

Make it:

- Rural eldery remain independent and contribute to the family and community.

- Local resources can be mobilized to support the eldery.

Organized community effort:

Pension housing, paid work, opportunities, care subsidies, accompanied by the country old age insurance.

Resource mobilization + community governance + individual authority à welfare aged à pension, work, housing, care subsidies, o;d age insurance, and helath care.

Self organized community:

Self organized eldery villagers to contribute to the local economics development:

- Relatively high social status,

- Created opportunities for economic independence,

- Resources accumulation.

Unorganized self support:

Living indenpendently from the children.

Findings and follow up:

- Status of the eldery is related to the community resources moblization and distribution.

- Realtions to community development.

- Positions to the community social status.

- Institualized programs for the aged.

- Relations to the community welfare distribution.

2) Dr. Marissa L. San Jose (Senior Occupational Health Officer – Phillipines)

Eldery in Philipnes still working, even they are suffer

The Social Protection program is Occupational, Safety and Health.

Notes from discussions:

· Rural people never retired, no work no eat. In india state did not give any potection at all.

· The different area, different Social Protection policy model.

· Linkage the social society organization with the government. Self organized Social Protection program with the governement program.

· The family will take care the elder in the South Asia, so the eldery Social Protection is not needed.

· Social Protection is norm based, widely thinking about the program.

· Social Protection for eldery, the resources must be owned.

o How to mobilized?

o How to organized?

o How to distributed?

o For indpendency and not give the children or family another burdens.

o Contributed to the family and community.

Individual à household à family à community à state

3) Dr. Darshini Mahadevia (CEPT – Ahmedabad India)

Social Protection and Shelter Urbanization, Inclusive Urbanization: Social Protection for Slum and Pavement Dwellers in India.

Social Protection and urban policies = social policies.

Tebure, urban land tenure and Social Protection linkage.

Community mobilization for basic services.

Formation and informal settlement.

Ahmedabad is the industrial town à 400 years industrial history and dominated the economic.

India: 30% (320million) living in urban area, 25,7% of them (80million) bellow the official poverty line, 70% (220million) of urban work in the informal sector.

Migration is low becuase the capital intensive nature of industrialization and increasing hosility to the low income migrants in the cities.

- Urban policies no confortable for migrants.

- Discourage rural-urban migration.

- Urban land reform legislation.

- Urban land ceiling and regulation act.

Reform:

- Urban visioans of world class cities.

- Expulsions from urban space through eviction and displacement.

- Land reform housing for the poor.

Social Protection in urban areas, Government responsibilities to:

- Water supply and sanitation

- Roads and public transport.

- Housing and land development.

- Rarely education.

- Health care insurance.

- Social security net (work opportunities and minimum wages).

Urban and tenure

Continum levels of security, from insecure to secure tenure:

- Legal ownership or renting document.

- Certificate of legal development on the land.

- Properly tax bill and possesing of voting card and electricity bill.

4) Mr. Haris Gazdar (Collective for Social Science Research – Pakistan)

Residential Land as the Social Protection: Local Mobilization in Pakistan

Linkages between residential security dan trandformative Social Protection agenda.

Emperical window on social marginalization.

Massive asstes transfer programs.

Residential security:

- Right to adequate housing.

- Contractual security.

- Social arrangements to access.

- Administrative requirements of fixed.

Findings:

- Migration and displacement.

- Individual versus community security.

- Transactional relations with political policies.

- On going contest overcalims.

- Active process of group formation.

- Role of women in asserting claims.

- External shock makes (in) security saliant.

- Regularization, infrastructure and intervention.

Implications:

- Social arrangements and community formation dominate.

- Solidarity empowers (for marginalized and women).

- External agents involvement.

5) Dr. Rosalinda P. Ofreneo (Homeworkers Network South East Asia)

Social Protection in shelter reform model.

Need:

- Collective action.

- Advocacy narrative.

- Subsectoral analysis à the exactly definition.

- Inclusive urban planning.

- Conservation with multiple stakeholders.

Notes from discussion:

· Slum area evictioned and move to the settlement or land in new area.

· Implication of law and regulation to the community.

· Land reform is the best way to reduce the slum area.

· Civil society must be stand up and fight for.

4. Achieving Policy Influence Throug Research

Chairman: Mr. Harsh Mander (Special Commissioner of the Right to Food – Supreme Court of India)

1) Influencing Policy Through Research (Dr. Rosalinda P. Ofraneo & Mr. Daniel S. Stephanus – Homenet South East Asia)

How the Research Advocacy Go Together and Reinforce Eash Other

Advocacy group, research capability and experience

- Networking with academe

- Working with government agencies who concern to the Social Protection.

Advocacy agenda:

- Universal health insurance.

- Social security insurance.

- Strengthen laboir market and occupational safety and health.

- Support community based.

For informal workers especially homeworkers.

Research is the basis of the legal drafting and advocacy.

Influence the policy making proceess.

- Coping the gaps of knpowledge.

- Conflict of interest among the stakeholders with policy maker.

2) Prof. Dashini Mahadevia (CEPT University – Ahmedabad India)

Gap among researcher (academe) with the policu maker (government apparatus).

Identify the stake holders is the a difficult job but it’s must be doing. To ensure the target of the research and the research result go.

3) Prof. Xiaomei (Tsinghua University – China)

Research is to push social attention of the policy maker and set up the model with pilot project program.

- Propose the national program.

- Publilc recognition and awareness.

- Political incentives promoted via dissemination of the research result and best practices.

“Message to be sent to the policy maker”

4) Dr. Muhammad Sarwar (Planning Commission of Bangladesh)

Policy making influenced by the political leader and external funding agencies.

Research is the information for policy making, especially action research. Example Grameen Bank by Prof. Mohammad Yunus.

Research and policy making depend one each other. The power structure and academic research joint and work together as the agent of change for social transformation.

5) Mr. Tripurari Sharan (Secretary Food and Public Distribution Government of Bihar – India)

Policy making, different point of view among the academe and beureacrat.

Research finding can support or become obstacle for policy making.

Government data is very poor, the researcher is needed to update the data and current information and issue. The data and information adjusted with the political spectrum.

Research needed by the government:

Action research, Fundamental research, Macroeconomic research and Sosio economic research.

Notes from discussion:

· Ensure the voice of the research finding become part of the public policy making.

· The political porblems (esecutive – legislative – political party) influence the policy making. Research finding must be influence the political leader.

· Policy making, small influence if compare with the international pressure, media pressure, and political goals to winning ellection.

· Gap of the methodology knowledge among governement versus researcher. The governement attent to the attractive presentation and dont pay attention to the quality of the research.

· Influence policy making by so many way. Research can be arrange as many forms (publication, media opinion, etc.). Send the message with so many languages, but keep the data ownessly.

· Policy researcher act like as the policy researcher and not as the policy maker. Policy researcher give the opinion or information with the data perspective not political or other perspective.

· Research give the timely information. Send the message (research finding) ASAP. In the attractice form and as short as possible.

· Use the international research agencies (like SPA) to disseminate teh research finding and as the international pressure. The voice is louder than local or national level only.

· High level political engagement (example: China government in East Asia) as the regional or international pressure to another country in the region.

· Researcher just do the research without think about the political influence. Just find the research finding, do dissemination, and be patience (moment and opportunity) than influence the policy making happen.

Day 4, 4th June 2009

1. Social Protection Intervensions: Design and Evaluation

Chairman: Dr. Sathish Mishra (Managing Director of Strategic Asia)

1) Dr. Widjajanti Suharyo (SMERU Institute – Indonesia)

The roles of women in the ner Indonesia Conditional Cash Transfer (CCTs), Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH) CCTs to The Chronic Poor

The CCTs program for the chronic poor and roles by the women, house wife.

- Aiming quality of human: health and ecducation.

- Cut the intergenerational poverty trap.

Findings:

- The program is not monitoring well.

- Health service know the program but don not know to monitoring and reporting system.

- Evolution in gender perspective and increase the education.

- Reinforce tradition gender.

- Women income increase but still responsible to the household activities.

PKH progam is the dynamic family welfare program, but the problem are:

- Lack of understanding of the operator.

- Traditional gender bias.

- Opportunities work of the migran workers (cities and international).

- Consumption and housing renovation.

Notes:

- Better than directly or unconditional cash transter (BLT Program).

- in line with the local custom (women as the financial manager of the family).

- Increase motivation to send the children going to school.

2) Dr. Linxiu Zhan (CCAP – China)

Good News and Bad News of National Representative of New Health Protection fir Rural in China

Medical service is decrease:

- Coverage of medical insurance decrease.

- Cost of medical cost increase.

- Government funding for health care decrease.

China government held new cooperative medical system (NCMS)

- Publicly funded medical care for rural people.

- Institutional framework.

China did not use percapita income or household income but village or community income to measure of poorness or poverty or welfare.

NCMS cover all the China rural people.

Good news:

- Medical services and hospitalization.

- Medical expenditures increase.

- Percapita inpatient expencitures increase.

Bad News:

- Participant who received reimbursement.

- Most people us their own money to medical expenditure.

- The government budget not much (10% of the GNP), not enough to cover all people.

Policy Implications:

- Government needs to raising the funding.

- Reform health system and provide appropiate incentive for the medical persons.

- Provide vilage clinics and towns hospital.

3) Dr. Melissa Andrade (International Poverty Center – Brazilila)

· More mecial threament than preventive health care in China.

· Indonesia have so many schemes like community schemes (PNPM and Sekolah Gratis), Family schemes (PKH), and individual schemes (BLT). Long trip to human investment but trapping in consumption.

· Wider gender perspective:

o Women in labour marker.

o Women empowerment.

o Women roles in community.

· Problems:

o Demand and supply perspective for women.

o Reinforcement of the conditional, uses of the money.

o Women and birth health issue.

o Benefit of sending children to school.

4) Dr. Rudy Prawiradinata (National Development Planning Board of Indonesia)

PKH program objective is health and education for longterm (human investment).

Held in 13 Provinces, 40 district, 100 villages.

The comprehensice monitoring and evaluation in the end of 2009.

Notes from discussions:

· Simple procedure in PKH, ensure uses of money?

· The different health system in China, some people excluded.

· Joining survey and research among the research and the government apparatus (SMERU and Bappenas).

· One system arrangement, the moye increase perperson or perhousehold.

· Awareness of the people who inpacted by the program, empowerment and innitiative.

· Improving gender equality not depend on one program but influenced by many perspective.

· Government attention and involvement to the social problem, budget for poverty reducing must be increase.

· Heterogeneous scheme, every district have their own scheme according to their conditions.

· PKH have no gender program, but have gender implication.

2. Protecting the Most Vulnerable

Chairman: Prof. Alakh N. Sharma (Director of India Human Development – India)

1) Kharisma Huda (BRAC Development Institute – Bangladesh)

Building Pathwayd for the Poorest: Operationalizing Concept of Graduation

Poverty trap of extreme poor:

- Fragile livelihoods.

- Chronic food security.

- Ill Health and morbidity.

- Lack of access to productive assets.

- Gendered face.

Complex knot with many sources, pulling one make others more complex.

Hungry, dependent, unemployed, landless, etc.

Need sustainable strategic.

Example: food security + increased income and saving + education + health services + health seeking behaviour.

Graduation model:

Consumption support à saving services à skill training à asset transfer à self reliance.

Rights based approch à micro finance à saving à ROs

2) Dr. Miguel A. Salazar (Beijing Normal University – China)

Impact of Natural Disaster on the Social Protection System, Lessons from Wenchuan Earthquake

Catastrophe management strategy à insurance and prevention

Physical, economic, and environmental damage:

- Employment and income.

- Death and loss.

- Housing and living conditions.

- Education, etc.

Government action:

Disaster action à emergency action.

Post disaster action à training and education.

- Contingency plans developed.

- Use improvisation and use local sources.

- External agencies could not substitute local officials, even they were burn out of work stress.

3) Dr. Rudy Prawiradinata (National Development Planning Board of Indonesia)

Gradually Improvement of the Social and Economic Status

1. Provide the fish

Assistance and Social Protection program

- Rice Subsidy

- Cash transfer

- Health insurance

- Scholarship

2. Facilitate with fish rod

Community empowerment program

- Block grant

- Infrastructure

3. Assist to have fish rod and boat

Micro and small-scale enperprise empowerment

- Micro credits

- Financial assistance

The most vulnerable, extreme poor, poor, near poor.

Social Protection system in Indonesia

· Act 40/2004 – Social Security System act, for worker in formal sector

- Health insurance

- Old age saving and pensions

- Accident benefit

· Act 11/2009 – Social Welfare Act

- Social assistance

- Dissable and disaster victims

Secretariat of the council established on January 2009.

Preparing government regulations to operatonalize law.

- Trust fund principles

- Cover to the all people.

- Establish single identity number.

- But limited governement budget.

- Develop integrated Social Protection System.

Notes from discussions:

· Disaster Management Social Protection Model, anticipate and cope the social problem before the disaster come.

· Gender perspective in the disaster management Social Protection model.

3. Social Protection in Asia: An Agenda for Research and Policy Advocacy

Chairman: Prof. Huck Ju Kwon, Prof. Aswani Saith, and Prof. Naila Kabeer

What kind policy implication from the reseach?

· Research program and agenda.

· Impact of the research finding.

· Reseacrh must be neutral and give the information to all stake holders( government, NGOs, civil society, and community).

· Cross the sonstrint and make the universal approach.

Notes from discussions

· Cross country research, sub regional and regional.

· Social an political ecnomic framework.

· Research finding must be deliver to the policy making process. In many way in may form in many language.

· Research implementation by the policy maker.

· Felxibility of the study, variety of the problem must be cover. Can be set up as the macro or universal overview, overall development process, and universal framework.

· Social Protection is the coping strategy for social development as empowering strategy.

· Indegenous community mechanism of Social Protection must be develop again.

4. ASEAN, China, and Korea Meeting

Chairman: Dr. Sarah Cook (Social Protection In Asia Director)

Final report of all SPA programmes is August 2010, so in the end of July 2010 all financial and narrative report must be assamble.

· Set up the universal issue and key issue, example modelling Social Protection Disaster Management.

· Key element of the project.

· International dissemination and publications.

· Aknowldegement, link with another SPA partner.

· Clear research question must be written.

· Workshop of research finding with stake holders.

· Report form and publication can be deliver in various form, according to the nature of the project and not depend on the IDS guidelines.

· Even no policy about the Social Protection but many policies have impact to Social Protection that can be influenced by the research.

· Informalization in economy is the latest phenomena that impact the Social Protection and influence the welfare policy.

Closing Notes:

Reseacrh Communication Stategies

· Programme commitment to engaging with policy process, advocacy, and knowledge sharing.

· Planning to identify:

o Key message,

o Stakeholders,

o Communcation objective,

o Activity and tools,

o When and who.

Move Forward with a Collective Agenda

· Globalization context.

o Influence the labour market.

o Changing economic structure.

· Social Protection rural people in general.

· Social Protection for informal sector.

· Social Protection floor, percountry and internationally

o Strengthening the basis of Social Protection.

o Networking among the Social Protection research and institutions with another institutions who concern about Social Protection.

· Cross cutting issue at region and international.

· Crisis and the reaction of the policy maker, Social Protection as reaction (short term perspective) or human investment (long term perspective).

· Advocacy platform for Social Protection in Asia.

· To keep networking for long term and sustainability of the movement.

· The good and bad impact of the Social Protection system.

· Research is to do action.

· Social Protection for every body.